Disclaimer

Iceworld is a humorously pointed novel of clashing perspectives, which we may designate as hot versus cold. Even for readers who have not seen H. R. van Dongen's fine cover painting for the novel's first installment in Astounding, Hal Clement does not keep us long in suspense that the planet which is unaccessible because of its climate of extreme cold is our own Earth. In contrast, the dismayed observer, the alien Sallman Ken (also on the cover, not to scale!), is truly hot-blooded. Clement genially introduces mitigating circumstances:

Earth, really, is not as bad as all that. Some people are even quite fond of it. Ken, of course, was prejudiced, as anyone is likely to be against a world where water is a liquid — when he has grown up breathing gaseous sulfur and, at rare intervals, drinking molten copper chloride.

The mitigating circumstances are mutual, because we have two viewpoint threads alternating here, that of Sallman Ken who is evolved to live comfortably on his quite hot home-planet; Ken is a science teacher, not a scientist or expert but possessing a good general scientific knowledge. The other viewpoint is that of several members of a Terrestrial family who of course are evolved to live comfortably on our quite cold planet. The characters all are engaging, and Iceworld weaves their viewpoints, thoughts, and actions very well. The family on Earth includes young people of various ages, so this is a fine novel for teenagers as well as adults.

Sallman Ken has been brought to Earth — or at least as close to it as the Iceworld’s destructive climate will allow — to solve a technical problem for a criminal syndicate of his race. They want a product found on Earth, one which is extremely valuable but so far unsynthesizable. What is it, in its natural state? How to boost their profits by getting or creating more of it? As defined, a general scientific problem, which is why the syndicate has engaged a schoolteacher with an all-around scientific knowledge. This in fact is Clement's own background and profession, so despite Ken's alienness, his character is drawn true to life.

The obvious physical barrier and scientific challenge is the scarcely imaginable temperature contrast between the aliens and the world of their interest. A differently tricky difficulty is that the rather unadventurous Ken has been talked into acting as an undercover investigator for his homeworld police. Naturally, the humans on the ground have their own motivations.

Gehuld in eeuwige duisternis door zijn eigen dikke atmosfeer Tenebra was een vijandige planeet… een plaats van het verpletteren van de zwaartekracht, 370-graden temperaturen, een voortdurend verschuivende korst en gigantische drijvende regendruppels.

Weinig belovend — maar er was leven, intelligent leven op Tenebra…

El planeta Mesklin es grande y muy denso. La gravedad en su superficie varía enormemente desde 3 g en el ecuador hasta 700 g en los polos. Los océanos son de metano líquido y la nieve es amoniaco congelado. En estas condiciones de pesadilla viven los mesklinitas, quienes han desarrollado una cultura y una sociedad perfectamente acorde con las condiciones de su entorno. Barlemann, un osado marinero mesklinita, acepta emprender un viaje imposible para salvar una costosa sonda terrestre averiada en el polo del planeta. Para los mesklinitas el viaje constituye una maravillosa oportunidad de descubrir la ciencia y avanzar en el camino del conocimiento, fuerza motríz que les guía a través de numerosas aventuras.<

La planète Mesklin est réellement singulière. Sa forme et sa taille sont singulières, la gravité y est énorme et irrégulière. Elle tourne autour d'une étoile naine, à une vitesse considérable, le jour à sa surface ne dure que dix huit minutes.

Et c'est sur cette planète que les hommes ont voulu faire atterrir une sonde très coûteuse, au pôle même où la gravité y est de neuf cents atmosphères. La sonde ne redécollera pas.

La solution est donc de contacter le capitaine d'un équipage de la population locale et d'aller récupérer l'appareil là où l'homme ne peut décemment survivre …

Nel futuro, la Commissione per l'Energia controllerà rigidamente il mondo. Nelle profondità dell'oceano, però, qualcuno ha preso una strada diversa… e qualcosa di nuovo sta per accadere sulla Terra!<

Well known as the author of MISSION OF GRAVITY, CYCLE OF FIRE, CLOSE TO CRITICAL and for his many other extraordinarily realistic creations of extraterrestrials, it is remarkable that Hal Clement's novelettes have never appeared in book form before. — Here are three of the best — each dealing with a different aspect of communication with creatures so alien to mankind that the first thing to do is throw speech out the window!<

Two alien races lived under a single sun, someplace across the galaxy, sharing their world… sharing life itself. For they lived together in a partnership more perfect than any other known to the intelligences of the galaxy. Together, the two races became one, each deriving from the other that which made him greater than his individual self. Host and symbiote, they lived together, shared together… two bodies in one. For the one race was symbiotic, amorphous, able to enter the body of the other.

Then one symbiote turned Criminal, and his race could not rest until he was tracked down. But the Criminal could hide in any living thing… and on Earth there were over two billion humans alone!

HAL CLEMENT blends a masterpiece of science fiction with a story of pure detection to produce his best novel, and one of the most famous s-f novels of the past quarter-century.

Hal Clement, the dean of hard science fiction, has written a new planetary adventure in the tradition of his classic . It is the kind of story that made his reputation as a meticulous designer of otherworldly settings that are utterly convincing because they are constructed from the ground up using established principles of orbital mechanics, geology, chemistry, biology, and other sciences.

Kainui is one of a pair of double planets circling a pair of binary stars. Mike Hoani has come there to study the language of the colonists, to analyze its evolution in the years since settlement. But Kainui is an ocean planet. Although settled by Polynesians, it is anything but a tropical paradise. The ocean is 1,700 miles deep, with no solid ground anywhere. The population is scattered in cities on floating artificial islands with no fixed locations. The atmosphere isn’t breathable, and lightning, waterspouts, and tsunamis are constant. Out on the great planetary ocean, self-sufficiency is crucial, and far from any floating city, on a small working-family ship, anything can happen. There are, for instance, pirates. Mike’s academic research turns into an exotic nautical adventure unlike anything he could have imagined.

The world’s energy was limited… and with overpopulation and a high level of technology, the Power Board had virtually become the real government of the world. Power was rationed, it was guarded, it was sacred. Thus when three of the Power Board’s agents disappeared at sea, and there was evidence that something irregular was happening to the energy quota in that area, it was cause for real alarm.<

Un detective alienígena sigue el rastro de un malvado asesino de su misma raza; durante su persecución, se estrella junto a una isla solitaria de la Tierra de 1949. Estos seres necesitan de otra raza para ocupar sus cuerpos, ya que no poseen uno propio. Nuestro “héroe” consigue encontrar un anfitrión: el cuerpo de un joven que vive en la isla.<

Per la famiglia Wind, i monti dell'Ovest americano sono un ambiente di vita ideale e una fonte di benessere, dopo che babbo Wind ha scoperto la sua miniera d'oro segreta. Per i Sarriani, abituati a respirare zolfo volatile, il Pianeta di Ghiaccio è uno dei tanti mondi inabitabili dell'universo. Perfino le loro navette automatiche inviate verso le pianure azzurre che formano gran parte del pianeta cessano subito le comunicazioni. Di parere diverso sono invece alcuni contrabbandieri che, dalla loro base su Mercurio, da quasi trent'anni ottengono dal Pianeta di Ghiaccio preziose quantità di una potentissima droga allucinogena in cambio di modeste quantità di metalli preziosi. Tutto potrebbe ancora filare per il meglio (secondo il metro di questa Cosa Nostra dello spazio) se un giorno le autorità di Sarr non infiltrassero un loro scienziato nella banda di spacciatori, e se finalmente le barriere di gelo che isolano due culture aliene non crollassero in qualche modo. Per la prima volta in Italia uno storico romanzo classico firmato dal maestro dell'esobiologia.<

Clement’s was the engaging tale of the adventures of Barlennan, a sea captain among his caterpillar-like people, on the high-gravity world of Mesklin. In Barlennan and his sailors go with humans to the even stranger world of Dhrawn, a “crusted star” of the type mentioned by Harlow Shapley. Dhrawn circles the feeble red star Lalande 21185, which actually exists (although the planet is fictionalized). Most of the book is the story of a huge landship crossing Dhrawn’s solid surface crewed by these nonhuman sailors, amidst bizarre dangers, and trying to keep Barlennan’s strange plan secret from humans. The characters, despite being mostly from Barlennan’s world, Mesklin, are well drawn and the setting is well realized. Readers bewildered by the melting and freezing of Dhrawn’s ammonia-water hydrosphere will do well to consult a phase diagram.

Nominated for Hugo Award for Best Novel in 1971.

Nel 1942, l’astronomo americano K. A. Strand annunciava che la stella doppia 61, nella costellazione del Cigno, aveva un satellite di massa planetaria, gravitante intorno al suo sole (una delle componenti il sistema binario 61 Cygni) in poco meno di cinque anni. La massa di questo pianeta extrasolare era stata calcolata dallo Strand circa 16 volte superiore alla massa di Giove. Sebbene nei mesi successivi fossero fatte altre segnalazioni di corpi planetari gravitanti intorno ad altri Soli (per esempio il satellite della stella 70 Ophiuchi, con una massa 10 volte superiore alla massa di Giove, e il satellite di Proxima Centauri, la stella a noi più vicina, il quale non sarebbe che il doppio della massa di Giove!), pure la comunicazione dello Strand è una delle più sensazionali: per la prima volta la scienza poteva ufficialmente annunciare l’esistenza di pianeti al di là del sistema solare! E’ sul satellite planetario scoperto dallo Strand che Hal Clement, astronomo egli stesso e insegnante di matematica a Cambridge, si è ispirato per questo suo affascinante romanzo. Immaginate che cosa possa significare vivere su un immenso pianeta, la cui atmosfera è prevalentemente composta d’idrogeno, metano e ammoniaca; dove la forza di attrazione gravitazionale è circa tre volte all’equatore quella della Terra, ma per l’enorme schiacciamento dei poli sale a quasi 700 volte nelle regioni polari; dove dato il velocissimo moto di rotazione del pianeta il sole sorge e tramonta ogni venti minuti, mentre un altro sole, molto più lontano, illumina il cielo senza illuminarlo.<

A riddle wrapped in a mystery inside an enigma ...

Enigma 88, a tiny planet in the orbit of Arc, is a world with so little mass that it should have no atmosphere. But it does—and to find out why is the final study assignment that will earn five students, each the best of their species, their prestigious Respected Opinion degrees.

But from the moment they arrive on Enigma, none of their careful calculations seem to fit; on the surface, the riddle seems insoluble. And when one of their wind robots disappears surface, closely followed by the Human, Molly, they find the mystery is indeed inside Enigma. For the vast subterranean network of caves and tunnels Molly tumbles into supports a rich profusion of life-life that can’t possibly exist ...

Die bereits aus Clements Roman ( — 1953) bekannten Meskliniten erforschen im Auftrag der Menschheit den Planeten Dhrawn, der sich durch seine vierzigfache Erdanziehung auszeichnet. Die sowohl für Menschen als auch Meskliniten lebensfeindlich Umwelt führt immer wieder zu Ausfällen der technischen Ausrüstung. Hinzu kommt ein gesundes Misstrauen des Forschungsteam gegenüber den Menschen, das zur Folge hat, dass die Raupenähnlichen Wesen unbemerkt einen eigenen Forschungsauftrag durchführen.

Wie im Vorgängerroman dient die Physik des Extremen dazu, die mentalen Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede von Menschen und Meskliniten auszuloten. Dabei dürfte es Clements naturwissenschaftlichem Studium zu verdanken sein, dass die Naturgesetze nicht über den Haufen geschmissen werden, sondern gerade die Spannung des Buches ausmachen. Naturgemäß sind Fortsetzungen selten so gut wie das Original. Das trifft auch hier zu, aber lesenswert ist dieser zweite Band allemal.

Druhým tématem Clementa velmi zajímajícím je téma inteligentního života, který Clement umísťuje do nejrůznějšího exotického a nehostinného prostředí. To je příklad jeho v češtině jediného vyšlého románu „Těžká expedice“, který se odehrává na planetě Mesklin, která je 4.800 krát větší než Země a otočí se kolem své osy jednou za 18 minut — to ve svých důsledcích znamená, že zatímco na rovníku jsou pouhá 3 g, na pólech je 700 g. <

The family is allied with an alien, an octopus-like being who can survive in the new atmosphere. Humans must live in shelters with oxygen-generating plants, or use suitable breathing equipment. Some of Earth's original life forms have mutated to survive in the changed atmosphere. Since almost no metals can exist in the corrosive atmosphere, any technology is based on ceramics or glass.

Some humans are suspicious of the aliens, and even blame them for the change to the atmosphere, since they seem to be adapted for it. The family have an almost fatal encounter with a group of such people, who are holding another alien hostage. However, the two aliens are able to pool memories biochemically, so that they become the same personality in two bodies. Their combined knowledge and skills help the humans to escape.

At the end the aliens reveal that they are basically tourists or scientists, and they travel from one system to another over thousands of years. Atmospheres "mature" when the nitrogen absorbs all the oxygen, the cause being the inevitable evolution of bacteria that use gold to catalyze the reaction. It is hinted, but not stated outright, that human mining of gold triggered this reaction.