13.Farragut to Commander H. H. Bell, dated March 5, 1863, in the Farragut Papers, Annan Collection.

14.Official Records of the Union and Confederate Navies in the War of the Rebellion, Vol. XXIV, 385-96 (cited hereafter as N.O.R.); Edwin C. Bearss, Federal Attempts to Cut Supply Lines, an excellent series of articles in the Vicksburg Sunday Post, February-April, 1961.

15. Strother, A Virginia Yankee in the Civil War, 161.

16. N.O.R., Vol. XTX, 665-68; letter of Farragut to Maj. Gen.
Augur dated April 16, 1863, in the C. C. Augur Collection, Il-
linois State Historical Library, Springfield.

2. In Motion in All Directions

1. Johnston to Davis dated Jan. 2, 1863, in the J. E. Johnston
Papers, Manuscript Department, Duke University Library.

2. O.R., Vol. XVII, Part One, 700.

3. O.R., Vol. XVTI, Part. Two, 546-47, 553-55; Memoirs of Gen. W. T. Sherman, Vol. I, 296.

4. O.R., Vol. XVII, Part One, 710, 719; Part Two, 563. In his Memoirs (Vol. I, 301) Sherman has McClernand exulting over his victory with the words: "Glorious! Glorious! My star is ever in the ascendant. . . . I'll make a splendid report!" In his personal copy of the published book, however, Sherman marked this passage for deletion and wrote: "I was not justified in reproducing it in the 1st Edition. His exclamation was natural and proper enough." (Sherman's copy with his pencilled annotations is in the Northwestern University Library, Evanston, HI.)

5. O.R., Vol. XVII, Part Two, 573.

6. Ibid., 551-52.

7. Letter of F. P. Blair, Jr., to Mrs. Blair, in the Francis P. Blair Papers, Library of Congress; letters of C. C. Washburn to Congressman Elihu B. Washburne (the men were brothers but they gave the family name different spellings) in the Washburne Papers, Library of Congress. The letter is dated March 16, 1863. There is a more detailed account of the army's activities this winter in Grant Moves South, 366-87.

8. Letter of Capt. Delos Van Deusen, 6th Missouri Volunteers, dated Feb. 22, 1863, in the Huntington Library; letter of Lucian B. Chase from Young's Point dated Feb. 11, in the Chicago Historical Society.

9. O.R., Vol. XVn, Part Two, 833, 835-36; Vol. XXIV, Part Three, 596-97.

10. O.R., Vol. XXIV, Part Three, 593, 597, 599-600.

11. Ibid., 631-32, 650, 663, 677.

12.Ibid., 670-730, passim. In a long letter to Maj. W. T. Walthall, written in 1878, now in the New York Public Library, Pemberton argued with a good deal of logic that the withdrawal of his cavalry in January "was not only a remote but a great proximate cause of all our misfortunes." Because of this, he said, he had "the greatest difficulty ... in obtaining any reliable information of (Grant's) strength, movements or disposition of his troops."

13.O.R., Vol. XXIV, Part One, 44-48; Part Three, 709-38, passim.

14.    Ibid., 745, 747.

3. The Needs of Two Armies

1. E. P. Alexander, Military Memoirs of a Confederate, 318; O.R., Vol. XXi, 1110.

2. Letter of Lieut. Henry Ropes to John Codman Ropes dated April 17, 1863, in the Ropes Letter Book, Rare Book Room, Boston Public Library; letter of August Augur to S. L. M. Barlow dated Jan. 17, in the Barlow Papers, Huntington Library; diary of Marsena Patrick, entry for Jan. 29, in the Library of Congress.

3. CCW Report, 1865, Vol. I, 112-13; letter of Frank A. Haskell dated March 31, 1863, in the Haskell Papers, State Historical Society of Wisconsin, Madison; J. H. Stine, History of the Army of the Potomac, 312.

4. There is a good summary of Hooker's achievements as an administrator in Walter H. Hebert, Fighting Joe Hooker, 164-91. K. P. Williams is sharply critical of the abolition of the Grand Divisions in Lincoln Finds a General, Vol. II, 560-61.

5. Gen. William E. Doster, Lincoln and the Episodes of the Civil War, cited in Glory Road, 148-49.

6. Noah Brooks, Washington in Lincoln's Time, 56; John Bige-low, Jr., The Campaign of Chancellorsville: a Strategical and Tactical Study, 31.

7. Augustus Buell, The Cannoneer: Recollections of Service in the Army of the Potomac, 48-49.

8.         Stine, History of the Army of the Potomac, 313.

9.      Lee to G. W. C. Lee dated Feb. 28, 1863, in the R. E. Lee
Papers, Manuscript Department, Duke University Library; Lee
to Davis dated Feb. 16, in the Andre de Coppet Collection, Prince-
ton University Library; O.R., Vol. XXV, Part Two, 631-32.

10.        Charles W. Ramsdell, General Robert E. Lee's Horse Sup-
ply, American Historical Review, Vol. XXXV, 758-60; O.R., Vol. XXV, Part Two, 604, 681-82; Series Four, Vol. II, 615-16.

11.Edward Younger, ed., Inside the Confederate Government: the Diary of Robert Garlick Hill Kean, 41; O.R., Series Four, Vol. II, 881-83; Robert C. Black, Railroads of the Confederacy, 294-95.

12.Seddon to Lee, Feb, 10, 1863, in O.R., Vol. XXV, Part Two, 609-10; Lee to Seddon, Feb. 21, ibid., 638-39.

13. J. B. Jones, A Rebel War Clerk's Diary, 152, 174, 188.

14.Varina Howell Davis, Jefferson Davis: A Memoir by His Wife, Vol. II, 373-76; A Rebel War Clerk's Diary, 183-84.

15.Clifford Dowdey, ed., The Wartime Papers of R. E. Lee, 430, 433, 435; Jed. Hotchkiss, Confederate Military History, Vol. Ill, Virginia, 375-76.

16.The Wartime Papers of R. E. Lee, 400, 427; letters to Mrs. Lee dated March 6 and March 9 in the R. E. Lee Papers, Library of Congress.

17.Letter to Mrs. Lee dated April 19, in the R. E. Lee Papers, Library of Congress.

4. A Bridge for the Moderates

1. Congressional Globe, 37th Congress, Third Session, Appendix, 53-60.

2. It seems to be impossible to get a solid figure for the number of political arrests during the war. Both James Ford Rhodes (History of the United States, 1850-1877, Vol. IV, 230-32) and James G. Randall (Constitutional Problems Under Lincoln, 152) delved into the question and could come up with nothing better than estimates that the total was somewhere between 13,535 and 38,000. Randall felt that the latter figure was much too high; Rhodes could only conclude that the arrests must be counted in the thousands.

3. Cox to Marble dated March 11, 1863, in the Manton Marble Papers, Library of Congress.

4. Letters of Barnett to Barlow dated Dec. 20 and Dec. 22, 1862, and May 15 and May 16, 1863, in the Barlow Papers, Huntington Library.

5. Lincoln to Seymour dated March 23, in Basler, Vol. VI, 145-46; Seymour to Lincoln dated April 14, in the Robert Todd Lincoln Papers, Library of Congress.

6. Letter of Bates to James B. Eads dated March 23, 1863, in the Eads Papers, Missouri Historical Society; Basler, Vol. VI, 234.

7. Ibid., 291.