Rechenregeln in der Ket-Schreibweise

Mit der Ket-Schreibweise kann man sehr viel einfacher rechnen als in der Matrixform, da man auf einige mathematische Beziehungen zurückgreifen kann. Als Beispiel folgt hier die sogenannte Schwarz'sche Ungleichung für Zustandsvektoren:

iamges

Sie besagt, dass das Quadrat des Absolutbetrags des Produkts zweier Zustandsvektoren – also |<ψ|φ>|2 – kleiner oder gleich <ψ|ψ><φ|φ> ist. Es stellt sich heraus, dass diese Gleichung das Analogon zu folgender Vektorungleichung ist:

iamges

Aber warum ist die Schwarz'sche Ungleichung so nützlich? Zum Beispiel, weil man die Heisenberg'sche Unschärferelation aus ihr ableiten kann, die wir ja schon in Kapitel 1 kennengelernt haben.

Hier kommen noch einige weitere Beziehungen zwischen Kets, die Ihre Rechnungen deutlich vereinfachen können. Man sagt, zwei Kets |ψ> und |φ> sind orthogonal, wenn gilt:

iamges

Zwei Kets heißen orthonormal, wenn sie die folgenden Bedingungen erfüllen:

ipad images

ipad images

ipad images

Mit diesem Wissen im Hinterkopf sind Sie nun so weit, dass Sie mit Operatoren arbeiten können.

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