Wellenfunktionen und Hamilton-Operatoren

Beginnen wir bei der Wellenfunktion. Der Zustand eines Systems mit vielen Teilchen, wie es in Abbildung 11.1 dargestellt ist, wird durch ψ(r1, r2, r3...) beschrieben. Die Wahrscheinlichkeit, dass sich Teilchen 1 in d3r1 befindet, Teilchen 2 in d3r2, Teilchen 3 in d3r3 usw. ist:

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Die Normalisierung von ψ(r1, r2, r3 ...) verlangt, dass Folgendes gilt:

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Gut, und wie sieht der Hamilton-Operator aus, der die Energiezustände liefert? Wie sieht H aus, wenn Hψ(r1, r2, r3 ...) = Eψ(r1, r2, r3 ...)? Wenn Sie mit einem einzelnen Teilchen rechnen, können Sie die Gleichung wie folgt schreiben:

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Das kann man auch folgendermaßen ausdrücken:

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Die Gesamtenergie des Systems ist die Summe aus den Energien der einzelnen Teilchen (ignorieren Sie im Moment den Spin). Man kann also den Hamilton-Operator für Viel-Teilchen-Systeme folgendermaßen verallgemeinern:

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Daraus ergibt sich Folgendes:

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Dabei ist mi die Masse des i-ten Teilchens und V das Vielteilchen-Potential.

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